Issuing a command — Cultural note


នៅប្រទេសជប៉ុន នៅពេលបញ្ជាគេ ហើយគេធ្វើតាម អ្នកបញ្ជានោះតែងតែប្រើពាក្យថា អរគុណ (ដែលគេបានធ្វើតាមការបញ្ជារបស់ខ្លួន)។ ប៉ុន្តែ នៅខ្មែរ បើអ្នកបញ្ជានោះជាមនុស្សស្និទ្ធស្នាល ដូចជាយាយតា ឪពុកម្ដាយ បងប្អូនបង្កើត ជាដើម ភាគច្រើនពួកគាត់មិនប្រើពាក្យថា អរគុណ នោះទេ

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KhmerPronunciationEnglish/Notes
នៅ nɨv 1. in, at
2. to be located at, to live in or at, to reside, to stay, to be in
3. still, yet (pre-verbal marker of a durative or continuative aspect, as a final particle in the tag question ហើយឬនៅ it means 'yet' and as a reply to a question of this kind, it means 'not yet') {ញ៉ាំអីហើយនៅ? = Have you eaten already?}
ប្រទេស prɑteeh country, nation
ជប៉ុន ceaʔpon 1. Japan
2. Japanese
ពេល peel 1. time
2. moment, instant, period of time
បញ្ជា bɑɲcie 1. to command, order, give instructions
2. to operate (machinery)
3. to produce, cause, give rise to
4. order, command
គេ kee 1. he, she
2. one, someone
3. other(s)
ហើយ haǝy 1. to be finished, ended, completed
2. enough!
3. final particle indicating completed action, already, by now
4. in a future context indicates action that will be completed at some future time
5. and, afterwards, next, then, after that
ធ្វើ tvəə 1. to do, to make, to work, to prepare
2. to cultivate (a field) {ធ្វើស្រែ = to work in a rice field, be a farmer, grow rice}
តាម taam 1. to follow, to agree, to go along {ដើរតាមភ្ញៀវគ្រប់ជំហាន = to follow the customer’s every step}
2. according to, in accordance with, following, along, by, through {តាមអាយុ = according to age} {តាមសម្រួល = take it easy/take your time}
3. on, in, along {ជិះម៉ូតូតាមផ្លូវ = to ride a motorbike on the street} {ជិះតាមផ្លូវតូចៗ = to drive on small roads} {នៅតាមខេត្ត = in/throughout the province} {លក់នៅតាមផ្សារ = to sell in the market}
អ្នក neak 1. you (to equals of both sexes)
2. person, one who... (used as an agentive particle to create nouns from predicatives)
នោះ nuh 1. that, those (often serves simply to emphasize something already referred to or something distant in time or space)
2. then
តែងតែ taeŋ tae usually, regularly, constantly, always, continually
ប្រើ praə to use
ពាក្យ piek word, term, expression, phrase
ថា tʰaa 1. to say, tell, pronounce
2. that (introduces a question or indirect discourse)
3. I've [just] said, [...]
អរគុណ ʔɑɑ kun 1. thank you
2. to thank, to be grateful
ដែល dael 1. who, whom, which, where, when
2. of/to/in/at which/whom
3. the fact/reason that
4. ever, happened to, having done at least once, having been to, already, always, had occasion to, have ever {អត់ដែលដឹងសោះ = I’ve never known this!}
បាន baan 1. to have completed/done something
2. to intend to complete something
3. marker of completed action
4. to get, obtain, acquire, to achieve, have been able to, to get/have the opportunity to do something
5. to get someone or something to do something (often translated by the English passive in this sense)
6. to be able to
7. not ... until, then and only then
8. to pass to someone through inheritance
9. to be OK, fine, all right
10. [spoken language] however, though, in contrast {ម្សិលមិញបានក្ដៅខ្លាំង = yesterday, however, it was very hot}
11. {បានហើយ = I'm done, I give up, I'm finished (depending on the context)}
ការ kaa 1. commonly occurs as a nominalizing particle deriving abstract nouns or noun phrases from verbs or verb phrases
2. work, occupation
3. business, affair, matter
4. to protect, defend, prevent
5. to marry
6. marriage
7. wedding
8. interest (e.g., on a loan)
9. profit
10. usury
11. to wind (into a skein/bobbin/reel)
12. to spin (silk)
របស់ rɔbɑh 1. object, thing, belonging, property
2. of, belonging to
ខ្លួន kluən 1. body, figure, person, self
2. reflexive pronoun: myself, yourself, himself etc.
ប៉ុន្តែ pontae but, however
Notes: ជើង ត; root: តែ
ខ្មែរ kmae Khmer, Cambodian
បើ baə 1. if, may be
2. although
ជា cie 1. to be (equal to), to be as
2. to be well, in good health, recovered
3. to be effective (of medicines)
មនុស្ស mɔnuh, meaʔnuh human being, person
ស្និទ្ធស្នាល snǝt snaal (of a friendship) close, intimate
ដូចជា douc cie such as, like, as though, to seem as though, for instance
យាយ yiey 1. grandmother
2. old lady
3. polite term used to address an old woman
តា taa 1. grandfather
2. respectful term for addressing an old man
3. ancestor (often used in the names of spirits)
4. spoken form of តែ {តាម៉ាភ្លែតអេ = តែមួយភ្លែតទេ = [it's] just a few minutes!}
ឪពុកម្ដាយ ʔǝv puk mdaay 1. parents
2. father and mother
Notes: ជើង ដ
បងប្អូន bɑɑŋ pʔoun 1. brothers and sisters, siblings
2. relatives
បង្កើត bɑŋkaət 1. to create, to produce, to give birth to
2. to be related to (by blood)
ជាដើម cie daəm 1. for example, for instance
2. as above, as listed (or given) above
3. first of all, first and foremost
ភាគច្រើន pʰiek craən 1. mostly
2. majority
ពួកគាត់ puək koat they
មិន mɨn negative particle not, non- (usually requires the final particle ទេ)
ទេ tee 1. particle: negative particle occurring in phrase final position especially after មិន, ពុំ, etc.
2. interrogative particle occurring in phrase final position, often in the combination ឬទេ
3. neutral/positive particle to add emphasis {ខ្ញុំសុខសប្បាយទេ = I'm fine!} {យកតែមួយទេ = I’ll take only one!}