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| Khmer | Pronunciation | English/Notes |
|---|---|---|
| ចូល | coul | 1. to enter, go in, penetrate 2. to approach 3. to reach 4. to begin, set in 5. may indicate the adverbial meaning of ‘inwardly’ or ‘forwardly’ directed movement 6. to enter into, subscribe to, contribute to 7. to take in (as revenue) 8. to mate (of animals) 9. to go into a trance (of a medium) 10. to possess (as a spirit possesses a medium) 11. to agree with |
| មកដល់ | mɔɔk dɑl | to arrive at, come to |
| រូបភាព | ruup pʰiep | 1. image, picture, drawing, photo 2. appearance, form, shape |
| ទី | tii | 1. particle used to form ordinal numbers 2. spot, place, location 3. rank, function, service |
| នៅ | nɨv | 1. in, at 2. to be located at, to live in or at, to reside, to stay, to be in 3. still, yet (pre-verbal marker of a durative or continuative aspect, as a final particle in the tag question ហើយឬនៅ it means 'yet' and as a reply to a question of this kind, it means 'not yet') {ញ៉ាំអីហើយនៅ? = Have you eaten already?} |
| ក្នុង | knoŋ | 1. in, inside 2. during + (time word) |
| យើង | yəəŋ | 1. we 2. I (familiar) 3. in final position used to refer to 'our Cambodian ...' {ទុរេនកំពតយើងមែន? = Kampot durian (from our country, Cambodia), right?} |
| ឃើញ | kʰəəɲ | 1. to see, to perceive 2. to understand, to recognize 3. គិត ... ឃើញ = to find a solution, figure out, solve 4. to come to a conclusion, realize, understand |
| ជា | cie | 1. to be (equal to), to be as 2. to be well, in good health, recovered 3. to be effective (of medicines) |
| សំណាប | sɑmnaap | rice seedling before transplanting, seedling (usually refers to rice seedlings that have reached the proper height to be transplanted to the growing field) |
| មួយ | muəy | 1. one {មួយៗ = one by one} 2. one person/myself {សុំចេញមួយ = Please let me [go] out!} {សុំទៅមួយ = Please give way [for me one person]!} {សុំចុះមួយ = Please let me [one person] get off [the bus]!} |
| គុម្ព | kum | 1. tuft, clump (e.g., of plants), thicket 2. bush 3. group, gathering |
| ធំ | tʰom | to be big, tall, vast, important Notes: irregular pronunciation |
| អញ្ចឹង | ʔɑɲcəŋ | 1. in that case, so, then, therefore 2. like this/that 3. this/that much |
| ក្រោយពេល | kraoy peel | after (the time when) |
| ដែល | dael | 1. who, whom, which, where, when 2. of/to/in/at which/whom 3. the fact/reason that 4. ever, happened to, having done at least once, having been to, already, always, had occasion to, have ever {អត់ដែលដឹងសោះ = I’ve never known this!} |
| សាប | saap | 1. bland, not salty (enough), tasteless 2. to sow (seeds) 3. powerless, ineffective, valueless, impotent 4. water: fresh 5. to be dull, uninteresting |
| ឬក៏ | rɨɨ kɑɑ | or (on the other hand) |
| ព្រួស | pruəh | 1. to sow 2. to spit out/spray (saliva) 3. to squirt a mouthful of water out |
| គ្រាប់ | kroap | 1. grain, pit, seed 2. pill, tablet 3. bullet, projectile, bomb 4. clf. for small round objects such as seeds, pills, bullets |
| ស្រូវ | srəv | rice (while still growing or prior to being husked), paddy rice, standing rice, unmilled/unhusked rice Notes: after the ស្រូវ is milled and the husks are removed it is called អង្ករ, and after it is cooked it is called បាយ |
| ទៅ | tɨv | 1. to go (away from the speaker in space or time), to go to/towards, go on, continue, advance, go away 2. towards 3. from now on, from then on (often used as a particle indicating that the action began at some point in the past or present and continued on into the future or that the action is directed away from the speaker) 4. imperative particle, go ahead and ...! {ញ៉ាំទៅ = Go ahead and eat/drink!} |
| ស្រែ | srae | 1. wet/irrigated rice field 2. to be rural 3. (of the eyes) to be very tired 4. to be bleary-eyed (e.g., from a lack of sleep) 5. to be glazed/unseeing/blank (as the eyes of a very ill person) |
| រួចរាល់ | ruəc roal | 1. to finish, to complete 2. completely |
| ហើយ | haǝy | 1. to be finished, ended, completed 2. enough! 3. final particle indicating completed action, already, by now 4. in a future context indicates action that will be completed at some future time 5. and, afterwards, next, then, after that |
| រយៈពេល | reaʔyeaʔ peel | 1. interval/period of time 2. duration 3. allotted time |
| សប្តាហ៍ | sappdaa | week Notes: ជើង ត; also written with ជើង ដ |
| ក្រោយមក | kraoy mɔɔk | later, afterward |
| នោះ | nuh | 1. that, those (often serves simply to emphasize something already referred to or something distant in time or space) 2. then |
| នឹង | nɨŋ | future tense marker: will, about to |
| ដុះ | doh | 1. to grow, germinate, sprout 2. to rise (referring to cliffs, mountains, etc.), to spring (up), to bud, put out shoots 3. to appear, emerge 4. to increase, improve |
| ដើមស្រូវ | daəm srəv | rice plant |
| ពេល | peel | 1. time 2. moment, instant, period of time |
| វា | vie | 1. it (of animals, things, or very young children) 2. he, she, they (familiar or contemptuous) |
| ខ្ចី | kcəy | 1. green, unripe, raw, fresh 2. young, naive, unexperienced 3. to borrow 4. of colors: light |
| ហៅ | hav | 1. to call, name 2. to order (e.g., in a restaurant), specifically to stop a vehicle 3. to send for, summon 4. to invite (guests) |
| ថា | tʰaa | 1. to say, tell, pronounce 2. that (introduces a question or indirect discourse) 3. I've [just] said, [...] |
| គឺ | kɨɨ | 1. to be (equal to) 2. as follows, namely |
| បាន | baan | 1. to have completed/done something 2. to intend to complete something 3. marker of completed action 4. to get, obtain, acquire, to achieve, have been able to, to get/have the opportunity to do something 5. to get someone or something to do something (often translated by the English passive in this sense) 6. to be able to 7. not ... until, then and only then 8. to pass to someone through inheritance 9. to be OK, fine, all right 10. [spoken language] however, though, in contrast {ម្សិលមិញបានក្ដៅខ្លាំង = yesterday, however, it was very hot} 11. {បានហើយ = I'm done, I give up, I'm finished (depending on the context)} |
| បន្តិច | bɑntəc | 1. a little, a little bit, in small amounts, few 2. rather, slightly, just barely 3. in a little while Notes: ជើង ត |
| ប្រហែល | prɑhael | 1. about, approximately 2. resembling, similar to, nearly identical 3. almost 4. maybe, probably, it is possible that, perhaps |
| លូត | luut | 1. to sprout, appear 2. to protrude 3. of hair, vegetation: to grow, become longer, lengthen 4. to develop 5. to be prosperous, flourishing, successful 6. to be exaggerated |
| វែង | vɛɛŋ | long, tall |
| បន្តិចក្រោយមក | bɑntəc kraoy mɔɔk | soon after Notes: ជើង ត |
| កសិករ | kaʔseʔkɑɑ | farmer, peasant |
| ចាប់ផ្ដើម | cap pdaəm | to begin, start Notes: ជើង ដ |
| ដក | dɑɑk | 1. to pull out, to extract 2. to subtract {ប្រាំដកបីស្មើពីរ = 5 minus 3 equals 2} 3. minus {ដកពីរ = -2} |
| យក | yɔɔk | 1. to take (in one's hand or with oneself), hold 2. when ordering: I’ll take, I’ll have {យកបបរគ្រឿងសាច់ជ្រូកម៉ាចាន = I’ll have a bowl of pork porridge} 3. to take (away) 4. to steal 5. to bring 6. to borrow 7. to get, obtain, achieve |
| មក | mɔɔk | 1. to come (toward the speaker in space or time) 2. to come to/towards (often used as a final particle indicating that the action began at some point in the past and continued up to the present) 3. (from then) on, (from that time) forth 4. to, toward |
| ចង | cɑɑŋ | to tie, bind, fasten, link, attach, connect |
| បាច់ | bac | 1. clf. for bunches, bundles (of sugarcane, firewood), sheaves (of corn) 2. to trouble, bother, worry, concern oneself 3. to be necessary, worthwhile, to one's advantage (used chiefly with the negative particles such as កុំ, មិន, ពុំ to mean “don't worry, it's of no importance, it's not necessary, it's not worth troubling yourself”) |
| ជាក់ស្ដែង | ceak sdaeŋ | 1. clear, sure 2. clearly, surely, obviously Notes: ជើង ដ |
| នេះ | nih | 1. this, these 2. often serves simply to emphasize something already referred to or something nearby in time or space |
| តូច | touc, tuuc | 1. small, little, tiny 2. minor |
| គាត់ | koat | 1. he/him/his 2. she/her 3. they/them/their (formal/polite 3rd person pronoun) 4. you/your (intimate) |
| ក៏ | kɑɑ | marker of sequential or consecutive action: also, so, then, therefore, accordingly |
| ដើម្បី | daəmbəy | in order to, for, to, toward, reserved for |
| ស្ទូង | stuuŋ | to transplant seedlings (especially rice seedlings) |
| ប៉ុន្តែ | pontae | but, however Notes: ជើង ត; root: តែ |
| អត់ | ʔɑt | 1. no, not 2. to be without, lacking 3. to restrain oneself, abstain from 4. particle to form yes/no questions |
| ណា | naa | 1. which, any 2. where, somewhere, anywhere |
| ឆ្ងាយ | cŋaay | 1. to be far (away), distant, remote 2. separated |
| ចេញ | cəɲ | 1. to go out, leave, emerge, exit 2. to issue, bring out, come out (of a publication) 3. to emit, utter 4. out, off, away (also figuratively) {ខ្ញុំគិតអត់ចេញ = I can't figure it out} 5. to pay out, pay for, lay out (money), spend 6. to gain, earn, save 7. to play (a card) |
| ពី | pii | from, since, of, about, at |
| របស់ | rɔbɑh | 1. object, thing, belonging, property 2. of, belonging to |
| ទេ | tee | 1. particle: negative particle occurring in phrase final position especially after មិន, ពុំ, etc. 2. interrogative particle occurring in phrase final position, often in the combination ឬទេ 3. neutral/positive particle to add emphasis {ខ្ញុំសុខសប្បាយទេ = I'm fine!} {យកតែមួយទេ = I’ll take only one!} |
| ដាក់ | dak | 1. to put, place 2. to deposit 3. to add (ingredients) 4. to set (e.g., a trap) 5. to establish 6. to assign 7. to locate, settle, station 8. to lock up 9. to fasten 10. to use 11. to strike, hit hard 12. to affect 13. to subject someone to 14. to be hard hit, suffer a setback 15. to have bad luck, cause bad luck 16. to feel unwell, have an upset stomach (especially after eating certain fruits) 17. to contract for 18. to subscribe to 19. to renounce (a throne) 20. to put aside (religious vows) 21. in, into, on 22. to eat, drink 23. to kneel 24. command to an elephant to kneel by bending the rear legs |
| ដដែល | dɑdael | 1. to be identical, alike, the same 2. as before, over and over, in the same way |
| រង់ចាំ | rʊəŋ cam, rɔɔŋ cam | to wait (for, until) |
| កុំឲ្យ | kom ʔaoy | 1. in order that not ..., so as not to ... 2. don't let ... |
| រាយប៉ាយ | riey paay | 1. to be scattered (in disorder) 2. to scatter (e.g., leaflets) |
| ត្រូវ | trəv | 1. must, have to 2. to be correct, right, proper, exact, accurate 3. to concern, have to do with, to agree/jibe with, coincide with 4. to be affected with/by, to suffer, undergo (ត្រូវ + CLAUSE marks a passive-like construction in which the subject of the clause introduced by ត្រូវ is translated as the agent in the passive construction) |
| ឲ្យ | ʔaoy | 1. to give 2. to let, to allow 3. for, to, in order to, so as to {ចង់ឲ្យខ្ញុំកុម្ម៉ង់អីញ៉ាំឲ្យហើយអត់? = Do you want me to order something for you already?} 4. in a... manner (forms adverbial phrases from predicatives) Notes: also written អោយ, ឱ្យ |
| មាន | mien | 1. to have, possess, own 2. to exist, there is, there are 3. to be rich, own property 4. indicates the accomplishment of an action, to happen to, to have occasion to Notes: in spoken Khmer, negated មាន (មិនមាន or គ្មាន) can be contracted into មាន, e.g., មានអ្នកណាចង់ជួបឯង = ‘there's nobody who wants to meet you’ — contrast this with the affirmative: មានគេចង់ជួបឯង = ‘there’s somebody who wants to meet you’ |
| សណ្ដាប់ធ្នាប់ | sɑndap tnoap | 1. conduct, manners, behavior, discipline, personality, order, method, arrangement 2. act, action Notes: ជើង ដ |
| និង | nɨŋ | and |
| របៀប | rɔbiəp | 1. method, system, order, arrangement, organization 2. style, way 3. rules |
| រៀបរយ | riəp rɔɔy | 1. to be careful, exact 2. neat, well organized, well-disciplined, well-behaved, polite |
| មុននឹង | mun nɨŋ | before (doing something) |
| ធ្វើ | tvəə | 1. to do, to make, to work, to prepare 2. to cultivate (a field) {ធ្វើស្រែ = to work in a rice field, be a farmer, grow rice} |
| ការ | kaa | 1. commonly occurs as a nominalizing particle deriving abstract nouns or noun phrases from verbs or verb phrases 2. work, occupation 3. business, affair, matter 4. to protect, defend, prevent 5. to marry 6. marriage 7. wedding 8. interest (e.g., on a loan) 9. profit 10. usury 11. to wind (into a skein/bobbin/reel) 12. to spin (silk) |